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Type 1 Diabetes: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (Type 1 diabetes, Type I diabetes, T1D, IDDM) is a form of diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in the permanent destruction of insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas. Type 1 is lethal unless treatment with exogenous insulin via injections replaces the missing hormone. Formerly known as "childhood", "juvenile" or "insulin-dependent" diabetes, it is not exclusively a childhood problem: the adult incidence of Type 1 is significant - many adults who contract Type 1 diabetes are misdiagnosed with Type 2 due to the misconception of Type 1 as a disease of children - and since there is no cure, Type 1 diabetic children will grow up to be Type 1 diabetic adults. There is currently no preventive measure that can be taken against type 1 diabetes. Most people affected by type 1 diabetes are otherwise healthy and of a healthy weight when onset occurs, but they can lose weight quickly and dangerously, if not diagnosed in a relatively short amount of time. Diet and exercise cannot reverse or prevent type 1 diabetes. However, there are clinical trials ongoing that aim to find methods of preventing or slowing its development.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is often referred to as adult onset diabetes or noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. This is a disease state in which glucose is not able to move efficiently from the blood to the cells. There are two possible causes. First, the pancreas produces enough insulin but the insulin is not effective in removing glucose from the blood. Second, the pancreas eventually may not produce enough insulin to properly remove glucose from the blood
Obesity has become a global epidemic contributing to an estimated 112,000 avoidable deaths per year in the USA. Obesity alone is a significant risk factor for dying from a heart attack, regardless of whether other known risk factors are present.
Obesity also contributes to other serious health conditions including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, Type II diabetes, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, and respiratory problems, as well as endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon cancers.
Interpretation of BMI for adults
For adults 20 years old and older, BMI is interpreted using standard weight status categories that are the same for all ages and for both men and women. For children and teens, on the other hand, the interpretation of BMI is both age- and sex-specific. For more information about interpretation for children and teens, visit Child and Teen BMI Calculator.
The standard weight status categories associated with BMI ranges for adults are shown in the following table.
BMI | Weight Status |
---|---|
Below 18.5 | Underweight |
18.5 - 24.9 | Normal |
25.0 - 29.9 | Overweight |
30.0 and Above | Obese |